Political islam or conservatism: a typology of the Deobandi movement

Abstract

The article analyzes the general nature, branches, political and religious enlightenment activities of the Deobandian movement, which appeared in India in the 19th century and passed through various stages, based on the issue of typology related to religious movements in Islam. Thus, a typology of religious and political groups originating from the Deobandian movement is created. A systematic conclusion is made on such issues as the beginning of the movement, its relationship with the colonial government, branching, involvement in political decisions, sources of religious education, legal and creedal sect, and its current state. Without such a comprehensive analysis, it is impossible to reveal the meaning of a certain religious movement on a scientific basis. The division of the Deobandian movement into different branches due to historical conditions requires an analysis of the problem of typology in a political context. In the 20th century, the emergence of the phenomenon of political Islam in the Islamic world affected the involvement of some branches of this movement in politics in the form of a party, and now, one of its directions became radicalized and turned into a military force influencing the geopolitical conditions in the region. Therefore, the political experience of the Deobandian movement, which began with classical religious education, mixed with colonialism in the 19th century and a new political structure in the 20th century