Jadidism: ideology, conceptual approaches and practice

Abstract

This article is devoted to the analysis of the ideology of Jadidism, a movement that played a certain role in the enlightenment of the Turkic peoples that were part of the Russian Empire. At the same time, it is important to note that at the initial stage, this movement advocated the reform of school education, cultural modernization in general, and at the last stage put forward the idea of ​​national independence. The author, on the basis of studying the works of researchers on this issue, comes to the conclusion that Jadidism, of course, had a socio-cultural, political role in the life of the Turkic peoples, in the formation of national self-consciousness, in the formulation of the idea of national independence. When analyzing the movement, the researcher emphasizes the role of Islam in the ideology of Jadidism as one of the decisive factors in the formation of the movement and an important consolidating aspect, which was the foundation of the spiritual life of the Turkic peoples and permeated all areas of public life. Also, the author in the article consolidates the thesis of Jadidism as a movement that has gone through several stages in its development, showing the evolution of ideology, the transformation of the cultural and educational nature of the movement into a political one. Thus, the author considers it necessary to reveal the features of such a movement as Jadidism, that is, a social movement and force that acted on the eve of the October Revolution from positions that were alternative to the communist perspective. Jadidism was that powerful factor that contributed to the reform and modernization of society in the context of the widespread suppression of the freedom-loving aspirations of indigenous peoples, stagnation in the spiritual sphere. Therefore, initially, the Jadids sought, first of all, to modernize the spiritual sphere by creating new method schools, organizing the publication of newspapers, etc., thereby paving the way for the emergence of national secular education, renewal of spiritual life, and, ultimately, the rise of national self-consciousness.