Религиозный компонент в программах дерадикализации и реабилитации последователей и жертв религиозно-мотивированного экстремизма: мировой опыт и Казахстан

Shapoval  Yulia

doi:10.32523/2616-7255-2024-147-2-321-341

Authors

Shapoval Yulia L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1351-4495

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2024-147-2-321-341

Keywords:

deradicalization and rehabilitation; religious component; religiously motivated extremism; the “turn to psychology”.

Abstract

The article examines the role of the religious component in various deradicalization and rehabilitation programs for the followers and victims of religiously motivated extremism. The author identifies three approaches to deradicalization and rehabilitation work. The first approach is the theological re-education model with the key role of the religious component. The second approach is the model of deradicalization, rehabilitation and reintegration in the European context in which the religious component is insignificant or absent. The third approach is the model of comprehensive deradicalization and rehabilitation in which all components are proportionally represented. The analysis of the Kazakhstani program has shown its similarities with the model of theological re-education. After the humanitarian operation "Jusan" for the returning Kazakhstani citizens from the zones of terrorist activity in Syria, the "turn to psychology" began, which allows us to speak about the strengthening of the psychological component of the deradicalization and rehabilitation program. Currently, a balanced approach to deradicalization and rehabilitation is being sought, taking into consideration the complexity of radicalization factors, gender, age and life experience of the participants. This will make it possible to achieve successful rehabilitation and reintegration as well as resistance to the risks of re-radicalization.

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